Aurel Baranga made his literary début in Tudor Arghezi’s Parrot Papers in 1929, publishing a sketch entitled ‘White Night.’ Alongside Gherasim Luca, Paul Păun and Sesto Pals, he started an avant-garde magazine called Alge (Seaweed), which ran from 1930 to 1931, and published surrealist texts in unu (one) magazine, published by Sașa Pană and Moldov. In 1931, he completed his studies at the Matthias Bassarab Lycée, where one of his teachers was literary critic Perpessicius. He published his first book in 1933, a collection of avant-garde texts entitled Blind Men Poems.
From 1934 to 1940, he contributed journalism, lampoons and theatre reviews to Facla, Cuvîntul liber, Reporter, Azi, and Lumea românească. He worked as an editor for Lumea românească from 1937 to 1939 and for România liberă from 1944 to 1948, later becoming deputy editor-in-chief, from 1962 to 1967. In the same period, he contributed to anti-fascist and avant-garde publications.
In 1945, he went to work for Romanian Radio Broadcasting and later became literary secretary at the Ion Luca Caragiale National Theatre, Bucharest, from 1949 to 1952, subsequently becoming artistic director, from 1958 to 1962.
In the 1940s, he published a collection of his reportage work: It’s Snowing on Ukraine (1945), and two collections of poetry: The Great Storm (1946) and The Voice of America. His first play was the comedy Ball in Făgădău (1946), and he continued to write comedies for almost two decades. The comedy that made his name was The Rabid Lamb (1954), for which he won the State Prize.
He also wrote a number of comedies, as well as serious drama, inspired by contemporary events, including The Recipe for Happiness, or, On That Which Is Not Talked About (1957), Siciliana (1961), Adam and Eve (1963), Saint Mitică the Gentle (1966), Public Opinion (1967), Travesty (1969), General Interest (1971), and The Life of a Woman (1975).
In 1975, he was awarded the Prize of the Bucharest Writers Association. In 1978, he published Workshop Journal (1978), a selection of notes from a period of thirty years.